Bioclinic – PEA

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenously produced lipid that mediates the resolution of neuroinflammation and clinically reduces pain from a variety of sources.^1,2,3 PEA is a type of fatty acid ethanolamine produced in microglia and mast cells, where it downregulates the activation of both cell types; levels of PEA are increased in brain areas involved in nociception, and appear to modulate protective responses to both inflammation and pain.⁴ Its effects are mediated via direct activation of PPAR-a and GPR55 receptors, and potentially by indirect activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors and the TRPV1 channel (i.e., the capsaicin receptor).^5,6

In clinical trials, PEA has been shown to reduce pain levels from a variety of chronic conditions (of at least 6 months duration) where pain was not controlled by standard therapies, demonstrating effectiveness both alone and when combined with standard treatments.⁷ PEA has been shown to be efficacious for pain resulting from nerve compression syndromes, including sciatica and carpal tunnel syndrome.⁸ Randomized trials have also shown benefit for pain control for specific conditions, including TMJ,⁹ as well as for depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder when used in conjunction with antidepressants.¹⁰ In addition, PEA has been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce intraocular pressure among patients with ocular hypertension.^11,12